United Kingdom

The United Kingdom (UK) is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Each country has its own culture, traditions, and government, but they are all part of the UK.

· Location: Island nation in Northwestern Europe, made up of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

· Population: About 68 million (as of 2025), mostly living in cities, especially London.

· Currency: Pound sterling (£/GBP).

· Government: Constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy. The monarch is the head of state; the prime minister leads the government.

· Capital: London.

· Other Major Cities: Manchester, Birmingham, Liverpool, Bristol, Canterbury, Brighton, Oxford, Cambridge, Southampton, Glasgow, Edinburgh, York, Cardiff, Belfast.

· England

England is the largest and most populous country in the UK. Its capital, London, is also the capital of the entire United Kingdom. England is famous for its history, landmarks like Big Ben, Buckingham Palace, and Stonehenge, and its prestigious universities, such as Oxford and Cambridge.

· Scotland

Scotland is located in the north of the UK. Its capital is Edinburgh, known for its historic castle and annual arts festival. Scotland is famous for its Highlands, Loch Ness, kilts, and bagpipes. It has its own parliament and legal system, separate from England.

· Northern Ireland

Northern Ireland is on the island of Ireland and its capital is Belfast. It is known for the Giant’s Causeway, Titanic Belfast Museum, and its unique political history. Like Scotland, Northern Ireland has its own government and laws.

· Wales

Wales is in the west of the UK, and its capital is Cardiff. The country is known for its rugged coastline, mountains, castles, and the Welsh language. Wales has its own parliament and strong cultural identity.

Each of these four countries contributes to the UK's rich history and diversity, making it a unique and fascinating place to explore!